Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 – June 15, 1996) was an American singer, songwriter, and composer. She was known for her vocal range, precise diction, phrasing, timing, intonation, and improvisational ability, particularly in scat singing.
Fitzgerald began her professional career with the Chick Webb Orchestra, performing across the United States and frequently at the Savoy Ballroom in Harlem. Her recording of the nursery rhyme "A-Tisket, A-Tasket" contributed to her and Webb's national recognition. After Webb's death in 1939, she led the orchestra for a period before beginning a solo career in 1942. Her early management was handled by Moe Gale, co-founder of the Savoy, and later by Norman Granz, who founded Verve Records to produce her recordings. With Verve, she released a number of notable albums, including interpretations of the Great American Songbook.
Fitzgerald also appeared in films and on television throughout her career. She collaborated with musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and The Ink Spots, producing songs including "Dream a Little Dream of Me", "Cheek to Cheek", "Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall", and "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)". She performed publicly for nearly 60 years, giving her final performance in 1993. Fitzgerald died in 1996 at the age of 79.